Package 'volleysim' reference manual

Title:	Volleyball Match Simulation Tools
Description:	Functions for simulating volleyball match outcomes.
Authors:	Ben Raymond [aut, cre], Dwight Wynne [aut], Adrien Ickowicz [aut], openvolley.org [org]
Maintainer:	Ben Raymond <[email protected]>
License:	MIT + file LICENSE
Version:	0.3.7
Built:	2024-10-31 21:13:36 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/openvolley/volleysim

volleysim

Description

Functions for simulating volleyball match outcomes.

Estimate parameters required for simulation

Description

Estimate parameters required for simulation

Usage

vs_estimate_rates(
  x,
  target_team,
  by = "none",
  moderate = TRUE,
  process_model = "all"
)
vs_estimate_rates(
  x,
  target_team,
  by = "none",
  moderate = TRUE,
  process_model = "all"
)

Arguments

`x`	datavolleyplays: the plays component of a datavolley object as returned by `datavolley::dv_read()`
`target_team`	string: the team name to calculate rates for. If missing or NULL, rates will be calculated across the entire data.frame `x`. If `target_team` is "each", rates will be calculated for each team separately
`by`	string: grouping to calculate rates by. Either "none" (calculate whole-data set rates), "match" (by match), or "set" (by match and set)
`moderate`	logical: if `TRUE`, apply some checks to attempt to ensure that the estimated rates are reasonable. Currently these checks include: setting error rates are limited to a maximum of 5%. Some scouts do not include setting actions, except where they are errors or otherwise exceptional, which can lead to unrealistic estimates of setting error rates
`process_model`	string: estimate the rates required for which process model? Either "sideout", "phase", or "all"

Value

A tibble, with columns match_id (if by is "match"), set_number (if by is "set"), and (if target_team is "each") "team". The remaining columns depend on the process_model: for "sideout", column sideout. If process_model is "phase" then additionally the columns serve_ace, serve_error, rec_loss_other, rec_att_error, rec_att_kill, rec_att_replayed, rec_no_att, rec_block, trans_loss_other, trans_att_error, trans_att_kill, trans_att_replayed, trans_no_att, and trans_block

Examples

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

Example DataVolley files provided as part of the volleysim package

Description

Example DataVolley files provided as part of the volleysim package

Usage

vs_example_file(choice = 1)
vs_example_file(choice = 1)

Arguments

choice

numeric: which data file to return?

1 - the 2020 Austrian Women's Volley Cup played between Hartberg and UVC Graz

Value

path to the file

References

The example data files came from https://www.volleynet.at/dvdownload/information/f-Damen/

Examples

## Not run: 
  myfile <- vs_example_file()
  x <- datavolley::dv_read(myfile)
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

## Not run: 
  myfile <- vs_example_file()
  x <- datavolley::dv_read(myfile)
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

Create a win probability graph for a match

Description

Create a win probability graph for a match

Usage

vs_match_win_probability(
  pbp,
  so,
  go_to = 25,
  go_to_tiebreak = 15,
  max_sets = 5,
  show_plot = TRUE,
  home_color = "blue",
  visiting_color = "darkred"
)
vs_match_win_probability(
  pbp,
  so,
  go_to = 25,
  go_to_tiebreak = 15,
  max_sets = 5,
  show_plot = TRUE,
  home_color = "blue",
  visiting_color = "darkred"
)

Arguments

`pbp`	data frame: a data frame containing the set number, home team, visiting team, serving team, point-winning team, home team score, and visiting team score at the end of each point, easiest to obtain by subsetting the plays component of a datavolley object as returned by `datavolley::dv_read()` to only include rows where `point == TRUE`
`so`	integer: a two-element vector of sideout rates for the home team and visiting team, easiest to obtain using `vs_estimate_rates()`
`go_to`	integer: the minimum score that must be reached to end a non-tiebreaker set (typically 25 for indoor volleyball in sets 1 to 4, or 21 in beach volleyball)
`go_to_tiebreak`	integer: the minimum score that must be reached to end a tiebreaker set (typically 15)
`max_sets`	integer: the maximum number of sets that can be played, either 3 or 5
`show_plot`	logical: if `TRUE`, produce a graph showing the home team's win probability at each point in the match
`home_color`	string: the color used to indicate points in the match where the home team is favored to win
`visiting_color`	string: the same as `home_color`, but for the visiting team

Value

A data frame containing the home team's probability of winning the set (set_probs) and match (match_probs) at each point in the set. The first row of the data frame refers to the start of the match (0-0, Set 1).

Examples

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(vs_example_file())
  sideout_rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")$sideout
  play_by_play <- subset(plays(x), point)
  
  vs_match_win_probability(play_by_play, sideout_rates)  ## data frame is not printed to console
  ## but can be stored in a variable
  match_win_probs <- vs_match_win_probability(play_by_play, sideout_rates)

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(vs_example_file())
  sideout_rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")$sideout
  play_by_play <- subset(plays(x), point)
  
  vs_match_win_probability(play_by_play, sideout_rates)  ## data frame is not printed to console
  ## but can be stored in a variable
  match_win_probs <- vs_match_win_probability(play_by_play, sideout_rates)

## End(Not run)

Simulate a volleyball match

Description

Simulate a volleyball match using either best-of-5 or best-of-3 scoring

Usage

vs_simulate_match(
  rates,
  process_model = "phase",
  serving = NA,
  serving5 = NA,
  max_sets = 5,
  go_to = 25,
  go_to5 = 15,
  point_margin = 2L,
  point_margin5 = 2L,
  n = 2000,
  simple = TRUE,
  method = "theoretical"
)

vs_simulate_match_mc(...)

vs_simulate_match_theor(...)

vs_simulate_match_beach(...)
vs_simulate_match(
  rates,
  process_model = "phase",
  serving = NA,
  serving5 = NA,
  max_sets = 5,
  go_to = 25,
  go_to5 = 15,
  point_margin = 2L,
  point_margin5 = 2L,
  n = 2000,
  simple = TRUE,
  method = "theoretical"
)

vs_simulate_match_mc(...)

vs_simulate_match_theor(...)

vs_simulate_match_beach(...)

Arguments

`rates`	list: A two-element list, each element of which is a set of rates as returned by `vs_estimate_rates`
`process_model`	string: either "sideout" or "phase". See `vs_estimate_rates()`
`serving`	logical: if `TRUE`, team 1 will serve first in the match. If `NA`, the team serving first will be chosen at random
`serving5`	logical: if `TRUE`, team 1 will serve first in the tiebreaking set (if the match gets that far). If `NA`, the team serving first in that set will be chosen at random
`max_sets`	integer: the maximum number of sets to be played (either 3 or 5)
`go_to`	integer: the minimum score that must be reached to end the set (typically 25 for indoor volleyball in sets 1 to 4, 15 in set 5, or 21 in beach volleyball)
`go_to5`	integer: the minimum score that must be reached to end the tiebreaker set (typically 15 for indoor volleyball)
`point_margin`	integer: the minimum score difference in order to win the set. Only applicable to `method` "monte carlo". For `method` "theoretical" a two-point margin is always used
`point_margin5`	integer: the minimum score difference in order to win the tiebreaker set. Only applicable to `method` "monte carlo". For `method` "theoretical" a two-point margin is always used
`n`	integer: the number of simulations to run. Only applicable to `method` "monte carlo"
`simple`	logical: if `TRUE`, just return the probability of team winning and the probabilities of each possible set score. If `FALSE`, return extra details in a named list. The details will differ between `method = "monte carlo"` and `method = "theoretical"`
`method`	string: the simulation method to use. Either "monte carlo" or "theoretical". Details TBD
`...`	parameters as for `vs_simulate_match`. `vs_simulate_match_theor` and `vs_simulate_match_mc` are convenience functions for `vs_simulate_match(..., method = "theoretical")` and `vs_simulate_match(..., method = "monte carlo")` respectively. `vs_simulate_match_beach` is a convenience function for `vs_simulate_match(..., max_sets = 3, go_to = 21, go_to5 = 21)` (typical beach volleyball settings).

Examples

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

Simulate a set of volleyball

Description

vs_simulate_set_theor and vs_simulate_set_mc are convenience functions for vs_simulate_set(..., method = "theoretical") and vs_simulate_set(..., method = "monte carlo") respectively.

Usage

vs_simulate_set(
  rates,
  process_model = "phase",
  serving = NA,
  go_to = 25,
  point_margin = 2,
  simple = FALSE,
  id = NULL,
  method = "theoretical"
)

vs_simulate_set_mc(...)

vs_simulate_set_theor(...)
vs_simulate_set(
  rates,
  process_model = "phase",
  serving = NA,
  go_to = 25,
  point_margin = 2,
  simple = FALSE,
  id = NULL,
  method = "theoretical"
)

vs_simulate_set_mc(...)

vs_simulate_set_theor(...)

Arguments

`rates`	list: A two-element list, each element of which is a set of rates as returned by `vs_estimate_rates`. Experimental: for `process_model` "sideout", the `sideout` rate component can be a function. This function will be called at each step of the simulation with the parameters: `team_1_score` - the score of team 1 at each point in the set so far `team_2_score` - the score of team 2 at each point in the set so far `team_1_rotation` - the rotation of team 1 at each point in the set so far (rotations are counted relative to the team's starting rotation, which is 1) `team_2_rotation` - the rotation of team 2 at each point in the set so far (rotations are counted relative to the team's starting rotation, which is 1) `serving` - the serving team 1 or 2 at each point in the set so far `point_won_by` - which team won each point in the set so far (this will be NA for the last entry, because that's the current point that hasn't been simulated yet) `outcome` - the outcome of each point in the set so far, either "Sideout" or "Breakpoint" if `process_model` is "sideout", or details TBD if `process_model` is "phase" The function should return the sideout rate of the receiving team.
`process_model`	string: either "sideout" or "phase". The "sideout" model uses the estimated sideout rates (in the `rates` object) directly. The "phase" model breaks play down into different phases (serve, serve receive, etc) and uses the rates associated with those separate phases
`serving`	logical: if `TRUE`, team 1 will serve first. If `NA`, the team serving first will be chosen at random
`go_to`	integer: the minimum score that must be reached to end the set (typically 25 for indoor volleyball in sets 1 to 4, 15 in set 5, or 21 in beach volleyball)
`point_margin`	integer: the minimum score difference in order to win the set. Only applicable to `method` "monte carlo". For `method` "theoretical" a two-point margin is always used
`simple`	logical: if `TRUE`, return simplified output. Only applicable to `method` "monte carlo". If `simple = TRUE`, return the team (1 or 2) that won the set. If `simple = FALSE`, return extra details in a data.frame
`id`	: an optional value that (if non-`NULL`) will be returned in the `id` column of the returned data frame, if `simple` is `FALSE`
`method`	string: the simulation method to use. Either "monte carlo" or "theoretical". Details TBD
`...`	: parameters as for `vs_simulate_set`. `vs_simulate_set_theor` and `vs_simulate_set_mc` are convenience functions for `vs_simulate_set(..., method = "theoretical")` and `vs_simulate_set(..., method = "monte carlo")` respectively

Value

Integer (1 or 2) or a data frame, depending on the value of simple

Examples

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

## sideout rates as a function for team 2
sofun2 <- function(serving, point_won_by, ...) {
    ## if team 2 won their previous sideout opportunity, their sideout rate is 0.6
    ## otherwise it's 0.5
    prevso <- tail(na.omit(point_won_by[serving == 1]), 1)
    if (length(prevso) < 1 || prevso == 1) {
        ## first sideout opportunity or lost the last one
        0.5
    } else {
        0.6
    }
}

rates <- list(list(sideout = 0.55), ## first team has constant 55% sideout rate
               list(sideout = sofun2)) ## function for team 2's sideout rate

## need to use method = "monte carlo" for this
vs_simulate_set(rates = rates, process_model = "sideout", method = "monte carlo")

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = "each")

  vs_simulate_set(rates) ## simulate a single set
  vs_simulate_match(rates) ## simulate a match
  ## so given the performances of the two teams during that match, we expect
  ##  that the home team should have won, with 3-0 being the most likely scoreline

  ## compare to the actual match result
  summary(x)

## End(Not run)

## sideout rates as a function for team 2
sofun2 <- function(serving, point_won_by, ...) {
    ## if team 2 won their previous sideout opportunity, their sideout rate is 0.6
    ## otherwise it's 0.5
    prevso <- tail(na.omit(point_won_by[serving == 1]), 1)
    if (length(prevso) < 1 || prevso == 1) {
        ## first sideout opportunity or lost the last one
        0.5
    } else {
        0.6
    }
}

rates <- list(list(sideout = 0.55), ## first team has constant 55% sideout rate
               list(sideout = sofun2)) ## function for team 2's sideout rate

## need to use method = "monte carlo" for this
vs_simulate_set(rates = rates, process_model = "sideout", method = "monte carlo")

Estimate theoretical sideout rates given 'phase' parameters

Description

The vs_estimate_rates() function returns a team's performance rates across a range of aspects of play, including serve ace rate, serve error rate, and so on. Using vs_theoretical_sideout_rates() We can estimate the theoretical sideout rate that we would expect to see, given those parameters. This can be compared to the actual sideout rate achieved by the team.

Usage

vs_theoretical_sideout_rates(rates, process_model = "phase")
vs_theoretical_sideout_rates(rates, process_model = "phase")

Arguments

`rates`	list: rates as returned by `vs_estimate_rates()`
`process_model`	string: currently only "phase". See `vs_estimate_rates()`

Value

The theoretical sideout rates of the two teams

Examples

## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- list(vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = home_team(x)),
                vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = visiting_team(x)))

  ## the theoretical sideout rates
  vs_theoretical_sideout_rates(rates)

  ## compare to their actual sideout rates
  c(rates[[1]]$sideout, rates[[2]]$sideout)

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
  library(datavolley)
  x <- dv_read(dv_example_file())
  rates <- list(vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = home_team(x)),
                vs_estimate_rates(x, target_team = visiting_team(x)))

  ## the theoretical sideout rates
  vs_theoretical_sideout_rates(rates)

  ## compare to their actual sideout rates
  c(rates[[1]]$sideout, rates[[2]]$sideout)

## End(Not run)

Package 'volleysim'

Help Index

volleysim

Description

Estimate parameters required for simulation

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Example DataVolley files provided as part of the volleysim package

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

References

See Also

Examples

Create a win probability graph for a match

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Simulate a volleyball match

Description

Usage

Arguments

See Also

Examples

Simulate a set of volleyball

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Estimate theoretical sideout rates given 'phase' parameters

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples